Efeitos da pandemia: percepção de estresse e apoio em famílias com filhos com desenvolvimento atípico / Pandemic' effects: perception of stress and support in families with children with atypical development

A pandemia da COVID-19 exigiu medidas de proteção que repercutiram no modo de vida das famílias. Os impactos podem ter sido mais intensos em famílias com crianças com deficiência ou transtorno global do desenvolvimento (TGD) que necessitam de cuidados e estímulos específicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o impacto do isolamento social na percepção de estresse, estresse parental e apoio social percebido por mães e pais de crianças com deficiência/TGD. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 37 participantes, em duas fases independentes de coleta de dados (F1; F2). Utilizou-se instrumentos autoaplicáveis disponibilizados em um Formulário Google: Questionário Sociodemográfico; Questionário sobre percepção da influência do isolamento social na dinâmica familiar; Escala de Estresse Percebido; Escala de Estresse Parental e Escala de Apoio Social. Observou-se que a percepção de estresse em F2 foi significativamente maior que em F1 e em famílias com mais de um filho (p

The COVID-19 pandemic required protect actions with quarantine and social distancing, which had an impact on families' lifestyle. The impacts of the pandemic may have been even more intense in families of children with disabilities or pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) who need specific care. This study aims to analyze the impact of the social distancing situation on the perception of stress, parental stress and perceived social support by mothers and fathers of children with disabilities/PDD with 11 years old or more, and associations between these variables. This is a cross-sectional study with 37 participants in two independent phases. The following self-administered instruments were available in a Google Form: Sociodemographic Questionnaire; Questionnaire on the perception of the influence of social distancing resulting from the pandemic on family dynamics; Perceived Stress Scale; Parental Stress Scale and Social Support Scale. There was a significatively higher stress perception between mothers in Phase 2 (P2>P1) and higher stress among families with more than one child. Most mothers referred social support, an increase in the stress perception with children care and stress comparing the phases. This study demonstrated the importance of social support to parents' adaptation in stress increasing related to pandemic situation

Uso del método de observación: una propuesta de aplicación al análisis de estrategias de resolución de problemas en niños con discapacidad / Use of observational method: a proposal for application to the analysis of problem-solving strategies in children with disabilities

El presente trabajo se ocupa de evaluar posibilidades del método de observación aplicado al análisis de estrategias de resolución de problemas en niños con discapacidad mediante juegos y tareas estructuradas. El marco teórico de referencia de esta contribución está representado por la teoría de la resolución de problemas, que contiene los principales procesos que intervienen en la gestión de los problemas y que nosotros aplicamos al desarrollo cognitivo y metacognitivo atípico. Junto con tres tareas diferentes estructuradas(Torre de Hanoi, Tetris y Bloques de construcción), usamos dos listas de comportamientos para codificar estrategias de resolución de problemas adoptadas por niños y/o adolescentes con desarrollo atípico. La aplicación de este tipo de observación con el uso de listas de comportamientos podría ser útil para crear en relación entre la investigación cualitativa y cuantitativa para mejorar el conocimiento de las estrategias de resolución de problemas y competencias metacognitivas en niños desarrollados atípicos(AU)

This paper is concerned with evaluating the possibilities of the observational method applied to the analysis of problem-solving strategies in children with disabilities through structured tasks. The theoretical framework of reference for this contribution is represented by the theory of problem-solving, containing the main processes involved in problem management,which we apply to atypical cognitive and metacognitive development. Together with three different structured tasks (Tower of Hanoi, Tetris, and Building Blocks), we used two lists of behaviors to code problem-solving strategies adopted by children and/or adolescents with atypical development. The application of this type of observation with the use of lists of behaviors could be useful to create a link between qualitative and quantitative research to improve the knowledge of problem-solving strategies and metacognitive competencies in atypically developed children(AU)